China’s move to pay interest on e-CNY sparks US stablecoin debate

• China will allow interest on digital yuan (e-CNY) holdings starting in 2026.
• US banks and crypto firms clash over enforcing the GENIUS Act ban.
• Coinbase executive warns stablecoin yield bans could weaken US global competitiveness.

China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China (PBOC), announced earlier this week that it will allow commercial banks to pay interest on holdings of the digital yuan, also known as the e-CNY.

The new framework is scheduled to take effect on Jan. 1, 2026, and the PBOC Deputy Governor Lu Lei said the change will transform the e-CNY from a form of digital cash into what he described as a “digital deposit currency,” a shift designed to boost user adoption.

China has spent several years piloting the digital yuan across multiple cities and use cases, including retail payments and public services.

However, adoption has been slower than policymakers initially hoped.

Analysts say allowing interest payments could make the e-CNY more competitive with traditional bank deposits and private digital payment platforms, potentially accelerating its use domestically and, over time, in cross-border transactions.

In the United States, the debate centres on how the GENIUS Act’s prohibition on interest should be interpreted and enforced.

The law, which became effective in July, was designed to keep payment stablecoins focused on transactional use rather than savings or investment products.

Banking groups argue that allowing stablecoins to pay yield would blur the line between deposits and crypto assets, potentially threatening financial stability and drawing funds away from regulated banks.

Crypto industry groups strongly disagree.

In a Dec. 18 letter to lawmakers, the Blockchain Association and more than 125 industry participants urged Congress to resist expanding or aggressively enforcing the ban on stablecoin rewards.

The group said claims that stablecoin incentives pose a danger to community banks are not supported by evidence and warned that overly strict rules could push innovation offshore.

The American Bankers Association, in a separate letter sent the same day, called for a firm application of the GENIUS Act.

The group argued that some crypto firms are attempting to circumvent the spirit of the law by offering reward-like incentives that function similarly to interest, potentially undermining traditional banking activities.

Coinbase executive warns China could dethrone the US

A senior executive at Coinbase has warned that the United States could undermine its own position in the future of digital finance if lawmakers prohibit interest-bearing stablecoins, just as China moves to make its central bank digital currency (CBDC) more attractive by allowing it to pay interest.

Faryar Shirzad, Coinbase’s chief policy officer, said this week that restricting rewards on US-issued dollar stablecoins could hand a competitive edge to foreign rivals, particularly China.

Shirzad’s comments come amid growing debate in Washington over the implementation of the recently passed GENIUS Act, which bars US dollar payment stablecoins from paying interest or yield directly to users.

In a post on X, Shirzad argued that global competition over digital money is intensifying.

He pointed to China’s latest policy shift as evidence that incentives matter in driving adoption of new forms of money.

According to Shirzad, the US risks weakening the global role of the dollar if it limits the functionality of dollar-backed stablecoins while other jurisdictions move more aggressively.

Shirzad said the GENIUS Act was intended to ensure that US-regulated, dollar-backed stablecoins become the primary settlement tools in a tokenised global economy.

Mishandling the question of rewards, he warned, could give non-US stablecoins and CBDCs an advantage at a critical moment.